You Just Developed Acute Low Back Pain: What You Should Do Next
Acute low back pain can strike suddenly and feel alarming. However, before you panic, take a deep breath and remember that in most cases, there is no serious underlying issue. In fact, 90% of acute low back pain is considered "non-specific," meaning there is no significant injury or tissue damage (Maher et al., 2017). Research has shown that acute low back pain, including cases involving disc herniations, typically improves by 90% within 4-6 weeks without requiring extensive medical intervention (van Tulder et al., 2006).
Why You Shouldn't Panic
Low back pain can be caused by a variety of factors, such as muscle strain, ligament sprain, or minor joint irritation. While the pain might feel intense initially, it is usually self-limiting and improves with time. Understanding this can help reduce fear and stress, which are known to exacerbate pain (Maher et al., 2017).
What You Can Do to Improve Symptoms
Stay Active
Contrary to outdated advice, bed rest is not recommended for acute low back pain. Prolonged inactivity can increase stiffness, weaken muscles, and ultimately worsen your condition. Instead, focus on gentle mobility and walking, which promote blood flow, reduce stiffness, and aid in recovery.
What to Avoid
Bed rest and complete inactivity should be avoided unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider. Studies indicate that doing nothing can prolong pain and recovery time (Dahm et al., 2010). Movement, even when uncomfortable, is essential for healing.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While most cases of acute low back pain resolve without complications, it’s important to be aware of "red flag" symptoms that may indicate a more serious issue. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
Worsening numbness or tingling in one or both legs
Gradual weakness in the legs
Changes in bowel or bladder function, such as incontinence or difficulty urinating
Saddle anesthesia, or numbness in the area around the groin or inner thighs
New onset of fever, fatigue, or night sweats
Unexplained severe pain that does not improve with rest or movement
Significant weight loss or gain without explanation
Final Thoughts
Acute low back pain can be unsettling, but staying calm and proactive is key. Most cases resolve on their own within a few weeks with proper self-care. Focus on gentle movement, avoid bed rest, and monitor for any warning signs that may require medical attention. If you have concerns or need guidance, consult a physical therapist who can tailor a recovery plan to your needs and help you return to your daily activities as quickly as possible.
References
Dahm, K. T., Brurberg, K. G., Jamtvedt, G., & Hagen, K. B. (2010). Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low-back pain and sciatica. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2010(6).
Maher, C., Underwood, M., & Buchbinder, R. (2017). Non-specific low back pain. The Lancet, 389(10070), 736-747.
van Tulder, M., Koes, B., & Bombardier, C. (2006). Low back pain. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, 20(4), 755-765).
